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Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium.

Journal article published in 2014 by Alireza Moayyeri, David Karasik, Maria Luisa Brandi, Yh-H. Hsu, Karol Estrada, Terho Lehtimäeki, Sm-M. Xiao, Carrie Nielson, Priya Srikanth, Sylvie Giroux, Leo-Pekka Lyytik?inen, Sg G. Wilson ORCID, Hf-F. Zheng, Av V. Smith ORCID, Stephen R. Pye and other authors.
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by x-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, n=14,260), velocity of sound (VOS, n=15,514) and BMD (n=4,566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved 7 cohorts with GWA data (in silico n=11,452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n=24,902). In combined random effects meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, 9 SNPs had genome-wide significant (p<5×10(-8)) associations with heel bone properties. Alongside SNPs within or near previously identified osteoporosis susceptibility genes including ESR1 (6q25.1: rs4869739, rs3020331, rs2982552), SPTBN1 (2p16.2: rs11898505), RSPO3 (6q22.33: rs7741021), WNT16 (7q31.31: rs2908007), DKK1 (10q21.1: rs7902708), and GPATCH1 (19q13.11: rs10416265), we identified a new locus on chromosome 11q14.2 (rs597319 close to TMEM135, a gene recently linked to osteoblastogenesis and longevity) significantly associated with both BUA and VOS (p<8.23×10(-14)). In meta-analyses involving 25 cohorts with up to 14,985 fracture cases, six of 10 SNPs associated with heel bone properties at p<5×10(-6) also had the expected direction of association with any fracture (p<0.05), including 3 SNPs with p<0.005: 6q22.33 (rs7741021), 7q31.31 (rs2908007), and 10q21.1 (rs7902708). In conclusion, this GWA study reveals the effect of several genes common to central DXA-derived BMD and heel ultrasound/DXA measures and points to a new genetic locus with potential implications for better understanding of osteoporosis pathophysiology.