@article{Almeida2011, abstract = {Evidence continues to emerge showing that poor Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can cause illness requiring absence from schools, and can cause acute health symptoms that decrease students’ performance. Since children spend on average 7–11 h per weekday at school, the IAQ in classrooms is expected to play a key role in the assessment of the effects of their personal exposure to air pollution. Within this context the present study was conducted in order to fulfill three primary objectives 1) to measure the levels and the element composition of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10, in three primary schools placed in Lisbon, in order to assess the children exposure to these pollutants; 2) to study the relationship between indoor and outdoor atmospheric particles concentrations and 3) to investigate the sources of high aerosols concentrations in classrooms. In the studied classrooms, the concentrations of coarse particles significantly exceeded the ambient levels. Element concentrations suggested that the physical activity of students highly contributed to the re-suspension of sedimented particles. The high levels of CO2 indicated that in these schools the ventilation was inadequate. This fact contributed to the establishment of poor IAQ.Highlights► In classrooms, PM2.5–10 concentrations significantly exceed the ambient concentrations. ► Physical activity of the children led to re-suspension and increased levels of particles. ► In classrooms, mineral dust, building materials and chalk are important sources of particles. ► High CO2 levels indicate that inadequate ventilation contributes for poor IAQ. ► Measurements of outdoor particles do not provide an accurate estimation of children’s exposure.}, author = {Almeida, Susana Marta and Canha, Nuno and Silva, Ana and Freitas, Maria do Carmo and Pegas, Priscilla and Alves, Célia and Evtyugina, Margarita and Pio, Casimiro Adrião}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.052}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {dec}, pages = {7594-7599}, title = {Children exposure to atmospheric particles in indoor of Lisbon primary schools}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susana_Almeida4/publication/229098172_Children_exposure_to_atmospheric_particles_in_indoor_of_Lisbon_primary_schools/links/00b7d52c67deee3b9f000000.pdf}, volume = {45}, year = {2011} } @article{Alves2011, author = {Alves, Célia and Vicente, Ana and Nunes, Teresa and Gonçalves, Cátia and Fernandes, Ana Patrícia and Mirante, Fátima and Tarelho, Luís and Sánchez de la Campa, Ana M. and Querol, Xavier and Caseiro, Alexandre and Monteiro, Cristina and Evtyugina, Margarita and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.031}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {jan}, pages = {641-649}, title = {Summer 2009 wildfires in Portugal: Emission of trace gases and aerosol composition}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.031}, volume = {45}, year = {2011} } @article{Alves2011_2, abstract = {On May 2009, both the gas and particulate fractions of smoke from a wildfire in Sever do Vouga, central Portugal, were sampled. Total hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO(2) and CO) were measured using automatic analysers with flame ionisation and non-dispersive infrared detectors, respectively. Fine (PM(2.5)) and coarse (PM(2.5-10)) particles from the smoke plume were analysed by a thermal-optical transmission technique to determine the elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) content. Subsequently, the particle samples were solvent extracted and fractionated by vacuum flash chromatography into different classes of organic compounds. The detailed organic speciation was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The CO, CO(2) and total hydrocarbon emission factors (g kg(-1) dry fuel) were 170 ± 83, 1485 ± 147, and 9.8 ± 0.90, respectively. It was observed that the particulate matter and OC emissions are significantly enhanced under smouldering fire conditions. The aerosol emissions were dominated by fine particles whose mass was mainly composed of organic constituents, such as degradation products from biopolymers (e.g. levoglucosan from cellulose, methoxyphenols from lignin). The compound classes also included homologous series (n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols), monosaccharide derivatives from cellulose, steroid and terpenoid biomarkers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most abundant PAH was retene. Even carbon number homologs of monoglycerides were identified for the first time as biomarkers in biomass burning aerosols.}, author = {Alves, Célia A. and Vicente, Ana and Monteiro, Cristina and Gonçalves, Cátia and Evtyugina, Margarita and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.025}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, month = {mar}, pages = {1466-1475}, title = {Emission of trace gases and organic components in smoke particles from a wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest in Portugal}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia_Alves2/publication/49794958_Emission_of_trace_gases_and_organic_components_in_smoke_particles_from_a_wildfire_in_a_mixed-evergreen_forest_in_Portugal/links/55a7962008aeceb8cad63cbe.pdf}, volume = {409}, year = {2011} } @article{Alves2011_3, abstract = {Wood from seven species of trees grown in the Portuguese forest (Pinus pinaster, Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus suber, Acacia longifolia, Quercus faginea, Olea europea and Quercus ilex rotundifolia), and briquettes produced from forest biomass waste were burned in a fireplace and in a woodstove to determine the chemical composition of fine particle (PM2.5) emissions. Samples were analysed for organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), water soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-) and 67 elements. The PM2.5 emission factors (g kg(-1) fuel burned, dry basis) were in the ranges 9.9-20.2 and 4.2-16.3, respectively, for the fireplace and the woodstove. Organic carbon contributed to about 50% of the fine particle mass in the emissions from every wood species studied in both burning appliances. The carbonaceous component of PM2.5 was dominated by organic carbon, accounting for more than 85% of the total carbon (TC): OC/TC ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 (avg. 0.92) for the fireplace and from 0.86 to 0.97 (avg. 0.93) for the woodstove. The water-soluble ions accounted for 0.64 to 11.3% of the PM2.5 mass emitted from the fireplace, whereas mass fractions between 0.53 and 13.6% were obtained for the woodstove. The golden wattle wood smoke showed a much higher ionic content than the emissions from the other wood types. Trace elements represented 0.4 to 2.5% and 0.2 to 2.2% of the PM2.5 mass emitted, respectively, from the fireplace and the woodstove, which corresponded to average total emissions of 132 +/- 77.3 mg kg(-1) and 93.4 +/- 60.8 mg kg(-1) of wood burned. Among these, K, Pb, Al, Mn and Sr were present in all samples. From the emission profiles of the individual experiments, composite wood combustion profiles are suggested with the aid of a cluster analysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, author = {Alves, Célia and Gonçalves, Cátia and Fernandes, Ana Patrícia and Tarelho, Luís and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.015}, journal = {Atmospheric Research}, month = {aug}, pages = {692-700}, title = {Fireplace and woodstove fine particle emissions from combustion of western Mediterranean wood types}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia_Alves2/publication/235733837_Fireplace_and_woodstove_fine_particle_emissions_from_combustion_of_western_Mediterranean_wood_types/links/55a7959908aea2222c74696e.pdf}, volume = {101}, year = {2011} } @article{Alves2012, author = {Alves, Celia A. and Gomes Aciole, Sullamy Dayse}, month = {jan}, title = {Formaldehyde in Schools: A Review}, year = {2012} } @article{Alves2012_2, abstract = {Formaldehyde has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. Indoor air quality measurements carried out worldwide in schools indicate that levels may be of concern. This paper provides an overview of emission sources, properties and methods for quantification of formaldehyde. Quantitative information from studies performed in school environments was compiled and a comprehensive picture of the causal relationships between pollutant exposures and children's health given. Mitigation actions to reduce formaldehyde levels and its adverse impacts in school buildings are recommended.}, author = {Alves, Célia A. and Aciole, Sullamy Dayse Gomes}, doi = {10.1590/s0100-40422012001000024}, journal = {Química Nova}, month = {jan}, pages = {2025-2039}, title = {Formaldeído em escolas: uma revisão}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422012001000024}, volume = {35}, year = {2012} } @article{Alves2012_3, author = {Alves, Célia and Vicente, Ana and Pio, Casimiro and Kiss, Gyula and Hoffer, Andras and Decesari, Stefano and Prevôt, André S. H. and Minguillón, María Cruz and Querol, Xavier and Hillamo, Risto and Spindler, Gerald and Swietlicki, Erik}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.013}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {nov}, pages = {243-255}, title = {Organic compounds in aerosols from selected European sites – Biogenic versus anthropogenic sources}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.013}, volume = {59}, year = {2012} } @article{Canha2012, author = {Canha, N. and Martinho, M. and Do Carmo Freitas, M. and Almeida-Silva, M. and Almeida, S. M. and Pegas, P. and Alves, C. and Pio, C. and Trancoso, M. and Sousa, R. and Mouro, F. and Contreiras, T.}, month = {jan}, title = {Indoor Air Quality in primary schools in Lisbon and its eventual relationship with asthma and rhinitis in children}, year = {2012} } @article{Canha2012_2, abstract = {The indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms is expected to play a key role in the assessment of the effects of the children’s personal exposure to air pollution since they spend on average 7–11 h per weekday at school. A statistical treatment was conducted over a database of indoor air parameters and the primary schools where these parameters were sampled (urban area of Lisbon, Portugal). The aim of this study was to assess the associations between indoor air parameters with the schools’ building characteristics, through the use of statistical methods. Several associations were found and allow pointing out from this study several recommendations to improve the classrooms IAQ. For example, some factors such as ventilation, cleanings and chalk use instead whiteboard pens, can reduce or increase specific contaminants inside the classrooms.}, author = {Canha, Nuno and Martinho, Maria and Silva, Marina Almeida and Almeida, Susana Marta and Pegas, Priscilla and Alves, Célia and Pio, Casimiro and Trancoso, Maria Ascensio and Sousa, Rita and Mouro, Filomena and Contreiras, Teresa and Freitas, Maria do Carmo}, doi = {10.1504/ijep.2012.051210}, journal = {International Journal of Environment and Pollution}, month = {jan}, pages = {396}, title = {Indoor air quality in primary schools}, url = {http://doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2012.051210}, volume = {50}, year = {2012} } @article{Gonçalves2011, abstract = {To assess the particulate matter (PM) composition, the smoke from three different agriculture and garden residues, commonly subjected to open field burning in Northern Portugal (potato haulm (A), arable weed vegetation (B) and collard greens stalks/pruned green leafy-twigs (C)) have been sampled into 3 different size fractions (PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM> 10). To replicate another frequent practise of reducing or dispose agriculture/garden debris, residue C was complementarily burned in a metal container with addition of used lubricant oil. The size-segregated aerosol samples were analysed for elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon by a thermal–optical transmission technique. The organosoluble OC was fractionated by vacuum flash chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Burning of residue C produced the highest PM emissions. OC was the dominant carbonaceous component in all aerosol samples, contributing to about 98% of total carbon (TC). The detailed chemical profiles of particulate emissions, including organic tracer compounds, have been assessed. The contribution of phenolics (0.2–39% OC, w/w) and organic acids (1.5–13% OC, w/w) to OC was always predominant over other organic compounds, whose distribution patterns were found to vary from one residue to another. The polyphenols, as the guaiacyl derivatives, were particularly abundant in PM from the residue C burning, but anthropogenic constituents completely superimposed the emission profiles after addition of used lubricant oil. It was shown that the prevailing ambient conditions (such as high humidity) likely contributed to atmospheric processes (e.g. coagulation and hygroscopic growth), which influenced the particle size characteristics of the smoke tracers, shifting their distribution to larger diameters. Since it was shown that the relative contribution of different carbon forms and organic compounds may strongly depend on the size of the particulate matter, the barely analysis of one size fraction cannot be reliable enough to assess neither global emission tendencies nor the profiles of individual chemical components in smoke.Highlights► The particulate matter (PM) from burning of three agriculture residues was studied. ► The PM> 10 concentrations were significantly higher than other PM fractions. ► The carbonaceous fraction was dominated by organic carbon (OC/TC ~ 98%). ► Phenolics and organic acids were always predominant compounds in smoke particles. ► Inositol is proposed as an eventual tracer for the smoke from potato haulm burning.}, author = {Gonçalves, Cátia and Evtyugina, Margarita and Alves, Célia and Monteiro, Cristina and Pio, Casimiro and Tomé, Mário}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.017}, journal = {Atmospheric Research}, month = {aug}, pages = {666-680}, title = {Organic particulate emissions from field burning of garden and agriculture residues}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia_Alves2/publication/229094336_Organic_particulate_emissions_from_field_burning_of_garden_and_agriculture_residues/links/55a7964a08ae0b4e8712331b.pdf}, volume = {101}, year = {2011} } @article{Gonçalves2011_2, author = {Gonçalves, Cátia and Alves, Célia and Fernandes, Ana Patrícia and Monteiro, Cristina and Tarelho, Luís and Evtyugina, Margarita and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.071}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {sep}, pages = {4533-4545}, title = {Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species}, url = {http://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/6317/1/AE_45_2011_4533-4545.pdf}, volume = {45}, year = {2011} } @article{Gonçalves2012, author = {Gonçalves, Cátia and Alves, Célia and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.013}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {apr}, pages = {297-306}, title = {Inventory of fine particulate organic compound emissions from residential wood combustion in Portugal}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.013}, volume = {50}, year = {2012} } @article{Pegas2011, abstract = {AimsA cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of identifying nutrition habits and housing conditions as risk factors for respiratory problems in schoolchildren in Lisbon.}, author = {Pegas, P. N. and Alves, C. A. and Scotto, M. G. and Evtyugina, M. G. and Pio, C. A. and Freitas, M. C.}, doi = {10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.01.004}, journal = {Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia}, month = {may}, pages = {109-116}, title = {Factores de risco e prevalência de asma e rinite em crianças em idade escolar em Lisboa}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manuel_Scotto/publication/251599374_Factores_de_risco_e_prevalncia_de_asma_e_rinite_em_crianas_em_idade_escolar_em_Lisboa/links/563115cc08ae0530378d040a.pdf}, volume = {17}, year = {2011} } @article{Pegas2012, abstract = {Pollutants inside school buildings may affect children's health and influence learning performance and attendance. This study investigated pollutant concentrations inside and outside school buildings at different locations (city centre and suburban) in Aveiro, Portugal, between April and June 2010. The aim was to evaluate simultaneously comfort parameters (temperature, relative humidity, CO2 and CO) and indoor and outdoor concentrations of VOCs, NO2, PM10 and bioaerosols. PR10 samples were analysed and characterised, for the first time, for the water soluble inorganic ions (WSII), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), carbonates, and detailed organic speciation. The CO2 and bioaerosol levels were higher than the acceptable maximum values to the occupants' comfort. Concentrations of the traffic tracer NO2 were higher outdoors. The daily indoor PM10 levels were always higher than those outdoors, except on weekends, suggesting that the physical activity of pupils and class works highly contributed to the emission and resuspension of particles. Almost all identified VOCs showed I/O ratios higher than one, which denotes an important contribution from indoor sources at both schools. The suburban school was more exposed to industrial emissions than the institution located in the city centre. Especially at the city centre, infiltration of outdoor particulates leads to contamination of school indoor environment with vehicle emissions and biomass burning smoke likely coming from biofuel use in nearby restaurants and bakeries. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, author = {Pegas, P. N. and Nunes, T. and Alves, C. A. and Silva, J. R. and Vieira, S. L. A. and Caseiro, A. and Pio, C. A.}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.059}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {aug}, pages = {80-89}, title = {Indoor and outdoor characterisation of organic and inorganic compounds in city centre and suburban elementary schools of Aveiro, Portugal}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia_Alves2/publication/235733882_Indoor_and_outdoor_characterisation_of_organic_and_inorganic_compounds_in_city_centre_and_suburban_elementar_schools_of_Aveiro_Portugal/links/55a794dc08ae345d61db4d2d.pdf}, volume = {55}, year = {2012} } @article{Pegas2012_2, abstract = {Previous studies performed by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) indicated that plants and associated soil microorganisms may be used to reduce indoor pollutant levels. This study investigated the ability of plants to improve indoor air quality in schools. A 9-wk intensive monitoring campaign of indoor and outdoor air pollution was carried out in 2011 in a primary school of Aveiro, Portugal. Measurements included temperature, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbonyls, and particulate matter (PM(10)) without and with plants in a classroom. PM(10) samples were analyzed for the water-soluble inorganic ions, as well for carbonaceous fractions. After 6 potted plants were hung from the ceiling, the mean CO(2) concentration decreased from 2004 to 1121 ppm. The total VOC average concentrations in the indoor air during periods of occupancy without and with the presence of potted plants were, respectively, 933 and 249 μg/m(3). The daily PM(10) levels in the classroom during the occupancy periods were always higher than those outdoors. The presence of potted plants likely favored a decrease of approximately 30% in PM(10) concentrations. Our findings corroborate the results of NASA studies suggesting that plants might improve indoor air and make interior breathing spaces healthier.}, author = {Pegas, P. N. and Alves, C. A. and Nunes, T. and Bate Epey, E. F. and Evtyugina, M. and Pio, C. A.}, doi = {10.1080/15287394.2012.721169}, journal = {Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues}, month = {sep}, pages = {1371-1380}, title = {Could Houseplants Improve Indoor air Quality in Schools?}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priscilla_Pegas/publication/232698592_Could_Houseplants_Improve_Indoor_air_Quality_in_Schools/links/00463515bf2bac02ea000000.pdf}, volume = {75}, year = {2012} } @article{Pio2011, abstract = {This study explores a large set of OC and EC measurements in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosol samples, undertaken with a long term constant analytical methodology, to evaluate the capability of the OC/EC minimum ratio to represent the ratio between the OC and EC aerosol components resulting from fossil fuel combustion (OCff/ECff). The data set covers a wide geographical area in Europe, but with a particular focus upon Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom, and includes a great variety of sites: urban (background, kerbside and tunnel), industrial, rural and remote. The highest minimum ratios were found in samples from remote and rural sites. Urban background sites have shown spatially and temporally consistent minimum ratios, of around 1.0 for PM10 and 0.7 for PM2.5.The consistency of results has suggested that the method could be used as a tool to derive the ratio between OC and EC from fossil fuel combustion and consequently to differentiate OC from primary and secondary sources. To explore this capability, OC and EC measurements were performed in a busy roadway tunnel in central Lisbon. The OC/EC ratio, which reflected the composition of vehicle combustion emissions, was in the range of 0.3–0.4. Ratios of OC/EC in roadside increment air (roadside minus urban background) in Birmingham, UK also lie within the range 0.3–0.4. Additional measurements were performed under heavy traffic conditions at two double kerbside sites located in the centre of Lisbon and Madrid. The OC/EC minimum ratios observed at both sites were found to be between those of the tunnel and those of urban background air, suggesting that minimum values commonly obtained for this parameter in open urban atmospheres over-predict the direct emissions of OCff from road transport. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are explored.}, author = {Pio, Casimiro and Cerqueira, Mário and Harrison, Roy M. and Nunes, Teresa and Mirante, Fátima and Alves, Célia and Oliveira, César and de la Campa, Ana Sanchez and Artíñano, Begoña and Matos, Manuel}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.045}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {nov}, pages = {6121-6132}, title = {OC/EC Ratio Observations in Europe: Re-thinking the Approach for Apportionment between Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon}, url = {http://repositorio.ipl.pt/bitstream/10400.21/2222/1/OCEC%20ratio%20observations%20in%20Europe%20Re-thinking%20the%20approach%20for%20apportionment%20between%20primary%20andsecondary%20organic%20carbon.rep.pdf}, volume = {45}, year = {2011} } @article{Pires2012, author = {Pires, J. C. M. and Gonçalves, B. and Azevedo, F. G. and Carneiro, A. P. and Rego, N. and Assembleia, A. J. B. and Lima, J. F. B. and Silva, P. A. and Alves, C. and Martins, F. G.}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-012-0829-9}, journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, month = {mar}, pages = {3228-3234}, title = {Optimization of artificial neural network models through genetic algorithms for surface ozone concentration forecasting}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0829-9}, volume = {19}, year = {2012} } @article{Vicente2011, abstract = {Gas and particulate fractions were measured simultaneously from a wildfire in Penedono, central Portugal, which occurred in summer 2009. The total volatile hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon oxides (CO(2) and CO) collected in Tedlar bags were measured using automatic analysers with flame ionisation and non-dispersive infrared detectors, respectively. Carbonyls (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) were sampled from the Tedlar bags in DNHP cartridges and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fine (PM(2.5)) and coarse (PM(2.5-10)) smoke particles were collected sequentially, on pre-fired quartz fibre filters, with a portable high-volume sampler. The detailed speciation of organic compounds in smoke samples was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The organic and elemental carbon content of particulate matter was analysed by a thermal-optical transmission technique. Average emission factors of 1.86 +/- 0.80 and 0.063 +/- 0.066 g kg(-1) (dry basis) were obtained for acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, respectively. The THC, CO, CO(2), PM(2.5), PM(10), OC and EC emission factors (g kg(-1) fuel burned, dry basis) were 260 +/- 88, 268 +/- 92, 1200 +/- 172, 37 = 12.2, 40 +/- 12.6, 21 +/- 6.7 and 0.44 +/- 0.21, respectively. The chromatographically resolved organics included n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkanoic acids, n-di-acids, unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, ketones, steroids, di- and triterpenoids, PAHs, with retene as the major compound, oxygenated PAH and anhydrosugars. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, author = {Vicente, Ana and Alves, Celia and Monteiro, Cristina and Nunes, Teresa and Mirante, Fatima and Evtyugina, Margarita and Cerqueira, Mario and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.021}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {sep}, pages = {5172-5182}, title = {Measurement of trace gases and organic compounds in the smoke plume from a wildfire in Penedono (central Portugal)}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A_Vicente/publication/235733896_Measurement_of_trace_gases_and_organic_compounds_in_the_smoke_plume_from_a_wildfire_in_Penedono_central_Portugal/links/00b7d52f4fa45ca148000000.pdf}, volume = {45}, year = {2011} } @article{Vicente2012, abstract = {The aim of this study was the detailed organic speciation of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles and gaseous carbonyl compounds from plumes emitted by wildfires during the summer of 2009 in Portugal. Complementary characterisation of the smoke particulate inorganic fraction, along with emission factors of major trace gases, have already been published in Atmospheric Environment. The detailed speciation of organic compounds in particle samples was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after multi-solvent extraction, flash chromatography on silica gel and appropriate derivatisation techniques. PM2.5 constitutes an important fraction of PM10 (PM2.5/PM10 > 80%). Gaseous carbonyls were sampled from the Tedlar bags containing the smoke samples in DNHP cartridges and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A clear predominance of carbonaceous constituents was observed, with OC concentrations always much higher than EC in both particle size fractions (OC/EC >> 7). The chromatographically resolved organics were dominated by diterpenoids, acids, sugars, phenols and aliphatic compounds in both size fractions. Retene, a biomarker of softwood smoke, was the dominant aromatic hydrocarbon in samples. The major anhydrosugar detected was levoglucosan, followed by mannosan and galactosan. Among the measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds, the most abundant was acetaldehyde with EFs (dry basis) between 1.03 and 1.87 g kg(-1), followed by formaldehyde with values in the range of 0.09-0.96 g kg(-1). Propionaldehyde was the less abundant carbonyl, with values in the range of 0.03-0.17 g kg(-1). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, author = {Vicente, Ana and Alves, Celia and Monteiro, Cristina and Nunes, Teresa and Mirante, Fatima and Cerqueira, Mario and Calvo, Ana and Pio, Casimiro}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.030}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, month = {sep}, pages = {186-196}, title = {Organic speciation of aerosols from wildfires in central Portugal during summer 2009}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia_Alves2/publication/235733895_Organic_speciation_of_aerosols_from_wildfires_in_central_Portugal_during_summer_2009/links/55f9293f08aeafc8ac1fac70.pdf}, volume = {57}, year = {2012} } @article{Vu2012, abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) extracts of fine particles (PM(2.5)) collected from combustion of seven wood species and briquettes were tested for mutagenic activities using Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The woods were Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt), Quercus suber (cork oak), Acacia longifolia (golden wattle), Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak), Olea europea (olive), and Quercus ilex rotundifolia (Holm oak). Burning experiments were done using woodstove and fireplace, hot start and cold start conditions. A mutagenic response was recorded for all species except golden wattle, maritime pine, and briquettes. The mutagenic extracts were not correlated with high emission factors of carcinogenic PAHs. These extracts were obtained both from two burning appliances and start-up conditions. However, fireplace seemed to favour the occurrence of mutagenic emissions. The negative result recorded for golden wattle was interesting, in an ecological point of view, since after confirmation, this invasive species, can be recommended for domestic use.}, author = {Vu, B. and Alves, C. A. and Gonçalves, C. and Pio, C. and Gonçalves, F. and Pereira, R.}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.005}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, month = {apr}, pages = {172-181}, title = {Mutagenicity assessment of aerosols in emissions from wood combustion in Portugal}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando_Goncalves2/publication/224707623_Mutagenicity_assessment_of_aerosols_in_emissions_from_wood_combustion_in_Portugal/links/00b495268d6a010b9f000000.pdf}, volume = {166}, year = {2012} }