@article{Burgess2016, author = {Burgess, Stephen and Harshfield, Eric}, month = {mar}, title = {Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes-2016-Burgess-Mendelian randomization to assess causal effects}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eric_Harshfield/publication/296443631_Curr_Opin_Endocrinol_Diabetes_Obes-2016-Burgess-Mendelian_randomization_to_assess_causal_effects/links/56d56a6e08ae9e9dea67e07a.pdf}, year = {2016} } @article{Burgess2016_2, author = {Burgess, Stephen and Harshfield, Eric}, doi = {10.1097/med.0000000000000230}, journal = {Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity}, month = {apr}, pages = {124-130}, title = {Mendelian randomization to assess causal effects of blood lipids on coronary heart disease}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000230}, volume = {23}, year = {2016} } @article{Chowdhury2014, abstract = {Letter}, author = {Chowdhury, Rajiv and Harshfield, Eric and Roy, Suchismita and Flora, Meerjady Sabrina and Akram, Kazi A. H. M. and Bhuiya, Abbas and Ahsan, Habib}, doi = {10.1097/jom.0000000000000126}, journal = {Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine}, month = {apr}, pages = {e12-e13}, title = {Life, Health, and Safety of Industrial Workers in Bangladesh}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abbas_Bhuiya/publication/261443739_Life_Health_and_Safety_of_Industrial_Workers_in_Bangladesh_Should_They_Be_Driven_by_Economic_Rationale_or_Moral_Imperative/links/02e7e53c6974ec9572000000.pdf}, volume = {56}, year = {2014} } @article{Di Angelantonio2014, abstract = {IMPORTANCE The value of measuring levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) for the prediction of first cardiovascular events is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adding information on HbA(1c) values to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is associated with improvement in prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of individual-participant data available from 73 prospective studies involving 294 998 participants without a known history of diabetes mellitus or CVD at the baseline assessment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Measures of risk discrimination for CVD outcomes (eg, C-index) and reclassification (eg, net reclassification improvement) of participants across predicted 10-year risk categories of low (= 7.5%) risk. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.9 (interquartile range, 7.6-13.2) years, 20 840 incident fatal and nonfatal CVD outcomes (13 237 coronary heart disease and 7603 stroke outcomes) were recorded. In analyses adjusted for several conventional cardiovascular risk factors, there was an approximately J-shaped association between HbA(1c) values and CVD risk. The association between HbA(1c) values and CVD risk changed only slightly after adjustment for total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations or estimated glomerular filtration rate, but this association attenuated somewhat after adjustment for concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein. The C-index for a CVD risk prediction model containing conventional cardiovascular risk factors alone was 0.7434 (95% CI, 0.7350 to 0.7517). The addition of information on HbA(1c) was associated with a C-index change of 0.0018 (0.0003 to 0.0033) and a net reclassification improvement of 0.42 (-0.63 to 1.48) for the categories of predicted 10-year CVD risk. The improvement provided by HbA(1c) assessment in prediction of CVD risk was equal to or better than estimated improvements for measurement of fasting, random, or postload plasma glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a study of individuals without known CVD or diabetes, additional assessment of HbA(1c) values in the context of CVD risk assessment provided little incremental benefit for prediction of CVD risk.}, author = {Di Angelantonio, Emanuele and Angelantonio, Emanuele Di and de-La-Cámara, Agustín Gómez and Gao, Pei and Khan, Hassan and Butterworth, Adam S. and As, Butterworth and Wormser, David and Kaptoge, Stephen and Seshasai, Sreenivasa Rao Kondapally and Sr, Kondapally Seshasai and Kondapally Seshasai, Sreenivasa Rao and Thompson, Alex and Sarwar, Nadeem and Willeit, Peter and Ridker, Paul M. and Pm, Ridker and Barr, Elizabeth L. M. and El, Barr and Khaw, Kay-Tee and Kt, Khaw and Psaty, Bruce M. and Bm, Psaty and Brenner, Hermann and Balkau, Beverley and Dekker, Jacqueline M. and Jm, Dekker and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Da, Lawlor and Daimon, Makoto and Willeit, Johann and Njolstad, Inger and Nissinen, Aulikki and Ej, Brunner and Brunner, Eric J. and Lh, Kuller and Kuller, Lewis H. and Price, Jackie F. and Jf, Price and Sundstrom, Johan and Knuiman, Matthew W. and Mw, Knuiman and Feskens, Edith J. M. and Ej, Feskens and Verschuren, W. M. M. and Wm, Verschuren and Wald, Nicholas and Bakker, Stephan J. L. and Whincup, Peter H. and Sj, Bakker and Ford, Ian and Ph, Whincup and Goldbourt, Uri and Gomez-De-La-Camara, Agustin and Gómez-De-La-Cámara, Agustín and Gallacher, John and Simons, Leon A. and La, Simons and Rosengren, Annika and Sutherland, Susan E. and Se, Sutherland and Bjorkelund, Cecilia and Dg, Blazer and Blazer, Dan G. and Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia and Ibanez, Alejandro Marin and Onat, Altan and Marín Ibañez, Alejandro and Wouter Jukema, J. and Casiglia, Edoardo and Jw, Jukema and Jukema, J. Wouter and Lm, Simpson and Simpson, Lara M. and Giampaoli, Simona and Nordestgaard, Borge G. and Bg, Nordestgaard and Selmer, Randi and Wennberg, Patrik and Jt, Salonen and Kauhanen, Jussi and D'Agostino, Ralph B. and Salonen, Jukka T. and Dankner, Rachel and Rb, Wallace and Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth and Kavousi, Maryam and Rb, D'Agostino and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Jg, Umans and Evans, Denis and Wallace, Robert B. and Rf, Gillum and Cushman, Mary and D’Agostino, Ralph B. and Ar, Folsom and Umans, Jason G. and Kiyohara, Yutaka and Yt, van der Schouw and Nakagawa, Hidaeki and Kg, Moons and Sato, Shinichi and Gillum, Richard F. and Sj, Griffin and Folsom, Aaron R. and van der Schouw, Yvonne T. and Nj, Wareham and Moons, Karel G. and Ademoglu, Evin and Griffin, Simon J. and Sattar, Naveed and Sg, Thompson and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Selvin, Elizabeth and Factors, Emerging Risk and Thompson, Simon G. and Collaboration, Emerging Risk Factors and Danesh, John and Harshfield, Eric}, doi = {10.1001/jama.2014.1873}, month = {mar}, title = {Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement and Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease}, url = {http://jama.jamanetwork.com/data/journals/jama/929879/joi140019.pdf}, year = {2014} } @misc{Georgakis2020, author = {Georgakis, Marios K. and Malik, Rainer and Markus, Hugh S. and Harshfield, Eric L. and Dichgans, Martin}, month = {mar}, title = {Modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of stroke: a Mendelian randomization analysis}, year = {2020} } @article{Harshfield2009, abstract = {This paper presents a sustainable development project in which University of Virginia students collaborated with University of Venda faculty, Global Sustainability Club students, and local community members to address water problems in a village in the Venda region of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The cohort’s goal was to implement a sustainable and contextually appropriate water purification and distribution system. The authors present the design and constructed process for a slow sand filtration system intended to provide clean drinking water to most households in the community. They present and analyze the successes, failures, and ethical dilemmas encountered throughout project execution. Also, the authors assess the project based on three evaluation criteria for service learning projects and explore possibilities for follow-up through the collaboration between the University of Virginia and the University of Venda. The paper ends with a reflection examining aspects of engineering community engagement projects including site assessments prior to project implementation, project timeframes, and crosscultural institutional collaborations.}, author = {Harshfield, Eric and Jemec, Ana and Makhado, Ofhani and Ramarumo, Elias}, doi = {10.24908/ijsle.v4i1.2223}, journal = {International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship}, month = {may}, pages = {1-14}, title = {Water Purification in South Africa: Reflections on Curriculum Development Tools and Best Practices for Implementing Student-Led Sustainable Development Projects in Rural Communities}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v4i1.2223}, volume = {4}, year = {2009} } @article{Harshfield2011, author = {Harshfield, Eric and Turbes, Anna and Ritter, Michael}, doi = {10.2175/193864711802863571}, journal = {Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation}, month = {jan}, pages = {274-302}, title = {Evaluating the Long-Term Health Impact of Household Chlorination of Drinking Water in Rural Haiti}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.2175/193864711802863571}, volume = {2011}, year = {2011} } @article{Harshfield2012, abstract = {The Jolivert Safe Water for Families program has sold sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine) and conducted household visits in rural Haiti since 2002. To assess the impact of the program on diarrheal disease, in 2010 we conducted a survey and water quality testing in 201 program participants and 425 control households selected at random. Fifty-six percent of participants (versus 10% of controls) had free chlorine residuals between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/L, indicating correct water treatment. Using intention-to-treat analysis, we found that significantly fewer children in participant households had an episode of diarrhea in the previous 48 hours (31% versus 52%; P = 0.001) with 59% reduced odds (odds ratio = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.21-0.79). Treatment-on-treated estimates of the odds of diarrhea indicated larger program effects for participants who met more stringent verifications of participation. Diarrheal disease reduction in this long-term program was comparable with that seen in short-term randomized, controlled interventions, suggesting that household chlorination can be an effective long-term water treatment strategy.}, author = {Harshfield, Eric and Lantagne, Daniele and Turbes, Anna and Null, Clair}, doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0010}, journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, month = {nov}, pages = {786-795}, title = {Evaluating the Sustained Health Impact of Household Chlorination of Drinking Water in Rural Haiti}, url = {http://www.ajtmh.org/deliver/fulltext/14761645/87/5/786.pdf?itemId=/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0010&mimeType=pdf&containerItemId=content/journals/14761645}, volume = {87}, year = {2012} } @article{Harshfield2015, author = {Harshfield, Eric and Chowdhury, Rajiv and Harhay, Meera N. and Bergquist, Henry and Harhay, Michael O.}, doi = {10.1093/ije/dyv087}, journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology}, month = {jul}, pages = {1625-1636}, title = {Association of hypertension and hyperglycaemia with socioeconomic contexts in resource-poor settings: the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv087}, volume = {44}, year = {2015} } @article{Harshfield2016, author = {Harshfield, Eric L.}, month = {sep}, title = {Genomics of lipid metabolism: Identifying novel causal pathways and new therapeutic targets for reducing risk of coronary heart disease [Abstract]}, year = {2016} } @article{Harshfield2018, abstract = {Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and global mortality rates are expected to continue to rise over the coming decades. In Pakistan in particular, chronic diseases are responsible for 50% of the total disease burden. Circulating lipids are strongly and linearly associated with risk of CHD; however, despite considerable efforts to demonstrate causality, available evidence is conflicting and insufficient. Study of the underlying metabolic pathways implicated in the association between lipids and CHD would help to disentangle and elucidate these complex relationships. Objectives: The primary objectives of this dissertation were to (1) identify the genetic determinants of lipid metabolites and (2) advance understanding of the effect of perturbations in lipid metabolite levels on CHD and its risk factors. Methods: Direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed on 5662 participants from the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study to obtain signals for 444 known lipid metabolites. Correlations and associations of the lipids with smoking, physical activity, circulating biomarkers, and other CHD risk factors were assessed. Genome-wide analyses were conducted to analyse the association of each lipid with over 6.7 million imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms. Functional annotation and Gaussian Graphical Modelling were used to link the variants associated with each lipid to the most likely mediating gene, discern the underlying metabolic pathways, and provide a visual representation of the genetic determinants of human metabolism. Mendelian randomisation was also implemented to examine the causal effect of lipids on risk of CHD. Results: The lipids were highly correlated with each other and with levels of major circulating lipids, and they exhibited significant associations with several CHD risk factors. There were 254 lipids that had significant associations with one or more genetic variants and 355 associations between lipids and variants, with a total of 89 sentinel variants from 23 independent loci. The analyses described in this dissertation resulted in the discovery of four novel loci, identified novel relationships between genetic variants and lipids, and revealed new biological insights into lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Analyses of lipid metabolites in large epidemiological studies can contribute to enhanced understanding of mechanisms for CHD development and identification of novel causal pathways and new therapeutic targets.}, author = {Harshfield, Eric Leigh}, doi = {10.17863/cam.25158}, journal = {Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository}, month = {jul}, title = {Genomics of lipid metabolism: Identification of genetic determinants of lipid metabolites and the effect of perturbations of lipid levels on coronary heart disease risk factors}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.17863/cam.25158}, year = {2018} } @article{Harshfield2019, author = {Harshfield, Eric L. and Koulman, Albert and Ziemek, Daniel and Marney, Luke and Fauman, Eric B. and Paul, Dirk S. and Stacey, David and Rasheed, Asif and Lee, Jung-Jin and Shah, Nabi and Jabeen, Sehrish and Imran, Atif and Abbas, Shahid and Hina, Zoubia and Qamar, Nadeem and Mallick, Nadeem Hayyat and Yaqoob, Zia and Saghir, Tahir and Rizvi, Syed Nadeem Hasan and Memon, Anis and Rasheed, Syed Zahed and Memon, Fazal-Ur-Rehman and Qureshi, Irshad Hussain and Ishaq, Muhammad and Frossard, Philippe and Danesh, John and Saleheen, Danish and Butterworth, Adam S. and Wood, Angela M. and Griffin, Julian L.}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00786}, journal = {Journal of Proteome Research}, month = {mar}, pages = {2397-2410}, title = {An Unbiased Lipid Phenotyping Approach To Study the Genetic Determinants of Lipids and Their Association with Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00786}, volume = {18}, year = {2019} } @article{Harshfield2019_2, abstract = {Abstract Thrombosis and platelet activation play a central role in stroke pathogenesis, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are central to stroke prevention. However, whether haematological traits contribute equally to all ischaemic stroke subtypes is uncertain. Furthermore, identification of associations with new traits may offer novel treatment opportunities. The aim of this research was to ascertain causal relationships between a wide range of haematological traits and ischaemic stroke and its subtypes. We obtained summary statistics from 27 published genome-wide association studies of haematological traits involving over 375 000 individuals, and genetic associations with stroke from the MEGASTROKE Consortium (n = 67 000 stroke cases). Using two-sample Mendelian randomization we analysed the association of genetically elevated levels of 36 blood cell traits (platelets, mature/immature red cells, and myeloid/lymphoid/compound white cells) and 49 haemostasis traits (including clotting cascade factors and markers of platelet function) with risk of developing ischaemic (AIS), cardioembolic (CES), large artery (LAS), and small vessel stroke (SVS). Several factors on the intrinsic clotting pathway were significantly associated (P < 3.85 × 10−4) with CES and LAS, but not with SVS (e.g. reduced factor VIII activity with AIS/CES/LAS; raised factor VIII antigen with AIS/CES; and increased factor XI activity with AIS/CES). On the common pathway, increased gamma (γ′) fibrinogen was significantly associated with AIS/CES. Furthermore, elevated plateletcrit was significantly associated with AIS/CES, eosinophil percentage of white cells with LAS, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activation peptide antigen with AIS. We also conducted a follow-up analysis in UK Biobank, which showed that amongst individuals with atrial fibrillation, those with genetically lower levels of factor XI are at reduced risk of AIS compared to those with normal levels of factor XI. These results implicate components of the intrinsic and common pathways of the clotting cascade, as well as several other haematological traits, in the pathogenesis of CES and possibly LAS, but not SVS. The lack of associations with SVS suggests thrombosis may be less important for this stroke subtype. Plateletcrit and factor XI are potentially tractable new targets for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, while factor VIII and γ′ fibrinogen require further population-based studies to ascertain their possible aetiological roles.}, author = {Harshfield, Eric L. and Sims, Matthew C. and Traylor, Matthew and Ouwehand, Willem H. and Markus, Hugh S.}, doi = {10.1093/brain/awz362}, journal = {Brain}, month = {nov}, pages = {210-221}, title = {The role of haematological traits in risk of ischaemic stroke and its subtypes}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1093/brain/awz362}, volume = {143}, year = {2019} } @article{Harshfield2020, abstract = {Abstract Background Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors can lead to perturbations in circulating lipid levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, how changes in individual lipid species contribute to disease risk is often unclear. Moreover, little is known about the role of lipids on cardiovascular disease in Pakistan, a population historically underrepresented in cardiovascular studies. Methods We characterised the genetic architecture of the human blood lipidome in 5662 hospital controls from the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS) and 13,814 healthy British blood donors from the INTERVAL study. We applied a candidate causal gene prioritisation tool to link the genetic variants associated with each lipid to the most likely causal genes, and Gaussian Graphical Modelling network analysis to identify and illustrate relationships between lipids and genetic loci. Results We identified 253 genetic associations with 181 lipids measured using direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry in PROMIS, and 502 genetic associations with 244 lipids in INTERVAL. Our analyses revealed new biological insights at genetic loci associated with cardiometabolic diseases, including novel lipid associations at the LPL, MBOAT7, LIPC, APOE-C1-C2-C4, SGPP1, and SPTLC3 loci. Conclusions Our findings, generated using a distinctive lipidomics platform in an understudied South Asian population, strengthen and expand the knowledge base of the genetic determinants of lipids and their association with cardiometabolic disease-related loci. }, author = {Harshfield, Eric L. and ul-Asar, Zameer and Fauman, Eric B. and Stacey, David and Paul, Dirk S. and Ziemek, Daniel and Ong, Rachel M. Y. and Danesh, John and Butterworth, Adam S. and Rasheed, Asif and Sattar, Taniya and Zameer-Ul-Asar, and Saleem, Imran and Hina, Zoubia and Ishtiaq, Unzila and Qamar, Nadeem and Mallick, Nadeem Hayat and Yaqub, Zia and Saghir, Tahir and Rizvi, Syed Nadeem Hasan and Memon, Anis and Ishaq, Mohammad and Rasheed, Syed Zahed and Memon, Fazal-Ur-Rehman and Jalal, Anjum and Abbas, Shahid and Frossard, Philippe and Saleheen, Danish and Wood, Angela M. and Griffin, Julian L. and Koulman, Albert}, doi = {10.1186/s12916-021-02087-1}, journal = {BMC Medicine}, month = {oct}, title = {Genome-wide analysis of blood lipid metabolites in over 5,000 South Asians reveals biological insights at cardiometabolic disease loci}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02087-1}, volume = {19}, year = {2020} } @article{Markus2019, author = {Markus, Hugh S. and Harshfield, Eric L. and Compter, Annette and Kuker, Wilhelm and Kappelle, L. Jaap and Clifton, Andrew and van der Worp, H. Bart and Rothwell, Peter and Algra, Ale and Baldwin, Neil and Bradley, Marcus and Brew, Stefan and Crossley, Robert and Dixit, Anand and Emsley, Hedley and Ford, Ian and Gaines, Peter and Gholkhar, Anil and Goddard, Anthony and Hampton, Timothy and Hassan, Ahamad and Higgins, Nick and Larsson, Susanna C. and Lindert, Ralf-Bjoern and Lo, T. Hauw and Madigan, Jeremy and Mali, Willem P. Th M. and Moll, Frans L. and Moynihan, Barry and Nahser, Hans and Nayak, Sanjeev and Patel, Maneesh and Piechowski-Jozwiak, Bartlomiej and Raghunathan, Senthil and Roffe, Christine and Schonewille, Wouter J. and Schulz, Ursula G. and Sekhar, Alakendu and Sharma, Pankaj and Vos, Jan Albert and Werring, David and Wuppalapati, Siddhartha}, doi = {10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30149-8}, journal = {The Lancet Neurology}, month = {jul}, pages = {666-673}, title = {Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a preplanned pooled individual patient data analysis}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30149-8}, volume = {18}, year = {2019} } @article{Samie2010, author = {Samie, Amidou and Tambani, Tshifhiwa and Harshfield, Eric and Green, Ezekiel and Ramalivhana, Jeoffry Naledzani and Bessong, Pascal Obong}, month = {jan}, title = {Antifungal activities of selected Venda medicinal plants against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from South African AIDS patients}, year = {2010} } @article{Stacey2018, author = {Stacey, David and Fauman, Eric B. and Ziemek, Daniel and Sun, Benjamin B. and Harshfield, Eric L. and Wood, Angela M. and Butterworth, Adam S. and Suhre, Karsten and Paul, Dirk S.}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gky837}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, month = {sep}, pages = {e3-e3}, title = {ProGeM: a framework for the prioritization of candidate causal genes at molecular quantitative trait loci}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky837}, volume = {47}, year = {2018} } @inproceedings{Topi2014, author = {Topi, Geriolda and Chowdhury, R. and Harshfield, E. and Skl, Darweesh and Pk, Bautista and Voortman, T. and Em, Moreira and Wm, Bramer and Eh, Van Den Hooven and Troup, J. and Oh, Franco}, month = {may}, title = {Associations of air pollution and ambient temperature with the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Geriolda_Topi/publication/263181784_Associations_of_air_pollution_and_ambient_temperature_with_the_risk_of_stroke_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis/links/553e791c0cf20184050f8612.pdf}, year = {2014} } @article{van der Laan2018, author = {van der Laan, Sander W. and Harshfield, Eric L. and Hemerich, Daiane and Stacey, David and Wood, Angela M. and Asselbergs, Folkert W.}, doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvy120}, journal = {Cardiovascular Research}, month = {may}, title = {From lipid locus to drug target through human genomics}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article-pdf/114/9/1258/25126950/cvy120.pdf}, year = {2018} } @article{Young2015, author = {Young, Robin D. and Ii, Fakir and Chowdhury, Rajiv and Sd, Adnan and Naheed, Aliya and Monower, Md Mostafa and Alam, Dewan S. and Tasmin, Ishrat and Mm, Monower and Fakir, Ismail Ibrahim and Hossain, Fatema Mahjabin and Hossain, Farzana and Rahman, Md Mostafizur and Mm, Rahman and Adnan, Sheikh Daud and Ds, Alam and Roy, Anjan Kumar and Sume, Sima Akter and Sa, Sume and Afrin, Sadia and Jm, Howson and Spackman, Sarah A. and Akter, Minara and Fm, Hossain and Biswas, Ajoy Kumer and Rd, Young and Pennells, Lisa and Sheikh, Nasir and Sa, Spackman and Houghton, Richard and Surendran, Praveen and Ak, Roy and Saleheen, Danish and Harshfield, Eric L. and Howson, Joanna Mm M. and Ak, Biswas and Hasan, Khaled and Raqib, Rubhana and Majumder, Abdulla Al Shafi and As, Butterworth and Butterworth, Adam S. and Group, Cardiology Research and Aa, Majumder and Danesh, John and Di Angelantonio, Emanuele}, doi = {10.1007/s10654-015-0037-2}, journal = {European Journal of Epidemiology}, month = {may}, pages = {577-587}, title = {The Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) Study: objectives and design}, url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10654-015-0037-2.pdf}, volume = {30}, year = {2015} }