@article{He2019, abstract = {<b><i>Background:</i></b> Screening for major depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) can be done using a cutoff or the PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithm. Many primary studies publish results for only one approach, and previous meta-analyses of the algorithm approach included only a subset of primary studies that collected data and could have published results. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To use an individual participant data meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of two PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithms for detecting major depression and compare accuracy between the algorithms and the standard PHQ-9 cutoff score of ≥10. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, Web of Science (January 1, 2000, to February 7, 2015). Eligible studies that classified current major depression status using a validated diagnostic interview. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data were included for 54 of 72 identified eligible studies (<i>n</i> participants = 16,688, <i>n</i> cases = 2,091). Among studies that used a semi-structured interview, pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.57 (0.49, 0.64) and 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) for the original algorithm and 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) and 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) for a modified algorithm. Algorithm sensitivity was 0.22–0.24 lower compared to fully structured interviews and 0.06–0.07 lower compared to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Specificity was similar across reference standards. For PHQ-9 cutoff of ≥10 compared to semi-structured interviews, sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.88 (0.82–0.92) and 0.86 (0.82–0.88). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The cutoff score approach appears to be a better option than a PHQ-9 algorithm for detecting major depression.}, author = {He, Chen and Levis, Brooke and Riehm, Kira E. and Saadat, Nazanin and Levis, Alexander W. and Azar, Marleine and Rice, Danielle B. and Krishnan, Ankur and Wu, Yin and Sun, Ying and Imran, Mahrukh and Boruff, Jill and Cuijpers, Pim and Gilbody, Simon and Ioannidis, John P. A. and Kloda, Lorie A. and McMillan, Dean and Patten, Scott B. and Shrier, Ian and Ziegelstein, Roy C. and Akena, Dickens H. and Arroll, Bruce and Ayalon, Liat and Baradaran, Hamid R. and Baron, Murray and Beraldi, Anna and Bombardier, Charles H. and Butterworth, Peter and Carter, Gregory and Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara and Chan, Juliana C. N. and Cholera, Rushina and Clover, Kerrie and Conwell, Yeates and de Man-Van Ginkel, Janneke M. and Fann, Jesse R. and Fischer, Felix H. and Fung, Daniel and Gelaye, Bizu and Goodyear-Smith, Felicity and Greeno, Catherine G. and Hall, Brian J. and Harrison, Patricia A. and Härter, Martin and Hegerl, Ulrich and Hides, Leanne and Hobfoll, Stevan E. and Hudson, Marie and Hyphantis, Thomas N. and Inagaki, Masatoshi and Ismail, Khalida and Jetté, Nathalie and Khamseh, Mohammad E. and Kiely, Kim M. and Kwan, Yunxin and Lamers, Femke and Liu, Shen-Ing and Lotrakul, Manote and Loureiro, Sonia R. and Löwe, Bernd and Marsh, Laura and McGuire, Anthony and Mohd-Sidik, Sherina and Munhoz, Tiago N. and Muramatsu, Kumiko and Osório, Flávia L. and Patel, Vikram and Pence, Brian W. and Persoons, Philippe and Picardi, Angelo and Reuter, Katrin and Rooney, Alasdair G. and da Silva dos Santos, Iná S. and Shaaban, Juwita and Sidebottom, Abbey and Simning, Adam and Stafford, Lesley and Sung, Sharon and Tan, Pei Lin Lynnette and Turner, Alyna and van Weert, Henk C. P. M. and White, Jennifer and Whooley, Mary A. and Winkley, Kirsty and Yamada, Mitsuhiko and Thombs, Brett D. and Benedetti, Andrea}, doi = {10.1159/000502294}, journal = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics}, month = {oct}, pages = {25-37}, title = {The Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Algorithm for Screening to Detect Major Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis}, url = {https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/502294}, volume = {89}, year = {2019} }