@article{Netea2009, abstract = {The processing of pro-interleukin-1beta depends on activation of caspase-1. Controversy has arisen whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands alone can activate caspase-1 for release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Here we demonstrate that human blood monocytes release processed IL-1beta after a one-time stimulation with either TLR2 or TLR4 ligands, resulting from constitutively activated caspase-1 and release of endogenous adenosine triphosphate. The constitutive activation of caspase-1 depends on the inflammasome components, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and NALP3, but in monocytes caspase-1 activation is uncoupled from pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition. In contrast, macrophages are unable to process and release IL-1beta solely by TLR ligands and require a second adenosine triphosphate stimulation. We conclude that IL-1beta production is differentially regulated in monocytes and macrophages, and this reflects their separate functions in host defense and inflammation.}, author = {Netea, Mihai G. and Nold-Petry, Claudia A. and Nold, Marcel F. and Joosten, Leo A. B. and Opitz, Bastian and van der Meer, Jonathan H. M. and van de Veerdonk, Frank L. and Ferwerda, Gerben and Heinhuis, Bas and Devesa, Isabel and Funk, C. Joel and Joel Funk, C. and Mason, Robert J. and Kullberg, Bart Jan and Rubartelli, Anna and van der Meer, Jos W. M. and Dinarello, Charles A.}, doi = {10.1182/blood-2008-03-146720}, journal = {Blood}, month = {mar}, pages = {2324-2335}, title = {Differential requirement for the activation of the inflammasome for processing and release of IL-1β in monocytes and macrophages}, url = {http://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/113/10/2324/1304336/zh801009002324.pdf}, volume = {113}, year = {2009} }