It is demonstrated that polymeric materials can be directly converted into molecular (chiral) recognition nanofiber membranes by simultaneously applying an electrospray deposition and an alternative molecular imprinting during the membrane preparation process. Polysulfone with a degree of substitution of 0.88 was adopted as the candidate polymeric material for molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes. Molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes imprinted by Z-D-Glu recognize the D-isomer in preference to the corresponding L-isomer and vice versa. The amino acid preferentially incorporated into the membrane is selectively permeated through the membrane by using a concentration gradient as a driving force for membrane transport. ; NRC Pub: Yes ; system details: machine converted author identifier PE to PID, February 2012