对于HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（慢乙肝）患者而言，HBeAg血清学转换是重要的治疗目标，也是停药的先决条件之一。但核苷（酸）类似物治疗时，仅有少部分患者可实现HBeAg清除或血清学转换率。随着对肠-肝轴认识的深入，人们已发现肠道微生物在慢性肝病的发生发展中都扮演了一定角色。从这个角度出发，该研究设计了一项病例对照、开放标签的前导性研究，探索了粪菌移植（Fecal microbiota Transplantation，FMT）在长期NA治疗后HBeAg仍未转阴的慢乙肝患者中的治疗价值。该研究成果对慢性乙型肝炎尤其是难以停药患者的临床处理策略具有重要启发意义。 ; 【Abstract】For hepatitis B virus (HBV) e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)patients, HBeAg seroconversion is a prerequisite for a definite course of antiviral treatment. Unfortunately, for both entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), HBeAg clearance or seroconversion only occurs in a minority of patients even after multiple years of antiviral therapy. The gut microbiota appears to play a critical role in age-related immune clearance of HBV.Several studies have indicated that CHB patients with liver cirrhosis have different microbiota compared to healthy people.The “leakage hypothesis” has linked gut microbiota to the onset and progression of liver diseases. Thus, we reported a case controlled, open-label pilot trial of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for CHB patients. ; The study was funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars,China (No. 81100285), and the Key Foundation of Health System for Young Talents of Fujian (No.2013-ZQN-ZD-33).