This thesis can be framed in a more general concept designated as "High resolution in solar physics". The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the topic of high-resolution observations and image restoration. It begins with a theoretical reviewing of the problem that represents the atmospheric turbulence and the instrumental aberrations on the image quality. This problem force us to implement post-facto image restoration techniques that, added to the real-time corrections performed by the Adaptive Optics, gives us images closer to reality. To have good solar observations overcoming the negative influence of the Earth' s atmosphere, one effort is being made with the development of the Sunrise mission. This project consists in a balloon-borne mission that will launch a 1-m telescope to the stratosphere and will record data with unprecedented temporal, spatial and spectral resolution. The main aim of Sunrise is to study the formation of magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere and their interaction with the convective plasma flows. The on-board instrument Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) will be able to produce magnetic field maps of extensive solar regions by measuring the light polarization in certain spectral lines. As a member of the IMaX team, I have developed an in-flight calibration method to characterize the aberrations affecting the images in IMaX. The second part of the thesis is centered on the study of horizontal flows in solar active regions. Data from ground-based and space observations are used as well as reconstruction techniques to restore the images. We focus on the proper motions of structures in and around solar active regions. The way to quantify the horizontal flows in the field-of-view consist of using local correlation tracking techniques that generate flow maps. Comment: PhD thesis 2008. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Supervisors: Jose A. Bonet and Valentin Martinez Pillet). 269 pages, 106 figures, 20 tables (low resolution). Download a full-quality version at http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/~svd/thesis_svargas.pdf