To clarify the metabolic cycle of a low-molecular-weight protein of surfactant (SP-C), we obtained alveolar surfactant from 3 day old rabbits killed 24 h after the tracheal administration of 32P or L-[35S]methionine (donors). Aliquots of this naturally labelled surfactant were administered into trachea to 3-day-old rabbits (recipients) which were killed after 1 min or 3, 8 or 24 h. We then analyzed the radioactivity associated with SP-C and with saturated phosphatidylcholine in fractions of lung lavage fluid and in lung homogenate. We found that alveolar SP-C is turned over faster than saturated phosphatidylcholine, that alveolar macrophages do participate in the removal of SP-C and that SP-C does not enter the fraction of alveolar surfactant that remains unsedimented after ultracentrifugation. Considering the whole lung, SP-C and saturated phosphatidylcholine are turned over at a comparable speed.