1] We measured the carbon isotopic composition (d 13 C) of ecosystem respiration (d 13 C R) in a subalpine forest across four growing seasons to examine whether patterns in d 13 C R were consistent with those expected based on leaf‐level gas‐exchange theory, and in agreement with past studies of the relation between d 13 C R and climate conducted across broad geographic regions. Conventional trends (i.e., less negative d 13 C R with increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature (T AIR), and decreased soil moisture ()) were observed when we focused on the driest portions of average‐wetness years and when d 13 C R was positively correlated with nighttime ecosystem respiration (R E). Nonconventional trends (i.e., more negative d 13 C R with decreased , and increased VPD and T AIR) were observed under specific climatic conditions (e.g., late snowmelt; extreme T AIR late in the growing season), and when d 13 C R was negatively correlated with R E . These nonconventional trends were independently corroborated using d 13 C of extracted sugars from needles of dominant tree species at the site. Our results clearly demonstrate that the commonly reported relations between d 13 C R and climate may break down depending on the interactions among environmental conditions. Efforts to model and predict the variability of d 13 C R under changing climatic variables must characterize and parameterize the effects of unique combinations of weather conditions and variable hydrologic regimes, in combination with the susceptibility of photosynthetic isotope discrimination to extreme air temperatures., An interannual assessment of the relationship between the stable carbon isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration and climate in a high‐elevation subalpine forest, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G02005, doi:10.1029/2010JG001556.