This research program was designed to develop predictive (based on cognitive modeling) and descriptive (based on physiological data) measures of cognitive workload that are highly correlated. Such measures must be theoretically grounded and empirically verified. Our main engineering goals in this project were to show: (1) how the predictive measures (cognitive modeling) could be applied to guide the design of novel interfaces and communication protocols for decision making tasks, and (2) how the descriptive measures (physiological) could be used to measure workload during real-time task performance.