The C allele of the rs2736100 single nucleotide polymorphism located in the second intron of the TERT gene has recently been identified as a susceptibility factor for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in the Icelandic population. Here we evaluate the role of TERT rs2736100_C in sporadic and familial MPN in the context of the previously identified JAK2 GGCC predisposition haplotype. We have confirmed the TERT rs2736100_C association in a large cohort of Italian sporadic MPN patients. The risk conferred by TERT rs2736100_C is present in all molecular and diagnostic MPN subtypes. TERT rs2736100_C and JAK2 GGCC are independently predisposing to MPN and have an additive effect on disease risk, together explaining a large fraction of the population attributable fraction (PAF=73.06%). We found TERT rs2736100_C significantly enriched (P=0.0090) in familial MPN compared to sporadic MPN, suggesting that low-penetrance variants may be responsible for a substantial part of familial clustering in MPN.