Scorzoneraspecies are used in different folk medicines to combat many diseases, includingthe illnesses connected with inflammation. Previous experiments showed anti-inflammatoryactivity ofScorzoneraextractsin vivo.S. latifolia,S. canavar.jacquiniana,S. tomentosa,S. mollisssp.szowitsii,S. eriophora,S. incisa,S. cinerea, andS. parvifloraextracts were, therefore, evaluatedfor their inhibitory activities of TNF-and IL-1production, and NF-B nuclear translocationin THP-1 macrophages. The HPLC analysis was carried out to elucidate and to compare thecomposition of these extracts. Major compounds of the tested extracts have been isolated usingdifferent chromatographic techniques and further tested for their inhibitory activities on TNF-and IL-1production. Several extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in thesein vitrotests. Results of HPLC analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as a compound present in alltested extracts. Hyperoside, quercetin-3-O--D-glucoside and rutin were also present in varyingamount in someScorzoneraspecies analyzed. Furthermore, eight phenolics which were identifiedas quercetin-3-O--D-glucoside (1), hyperoside (2), hydrangenol-8-O-glucoside (3), swertisin (4),7-methylisoorientin (5), 4,5-O-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid (6), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (7), andchlorogenic acid (8) have been isolated as major phenolic compounds of the tested extracts and,together with eight terpenoids (9–16) previously obtained from differentScorzoneraspecies, havebeen tested for the inhibition of TNF-production, unfortunately with no activity comparablewith standard.