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American Astronomical Society, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 1(800), p. L5, 2015

DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/l5

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Hops 383: an Outbursting Class 0 Protostar in Orion

Journal article published in 2015 by Emily J. Safron, William J. Fischer ORCID, S. Thomas Megeath, Elise Furlan ORCID, Amelia M. Stutz ORCID, Thomas Stanke ORCID, Nicolas Billot, Luisa M. Rebull ORCID, John J. Tobin, Babar Ali ORCID, Lori E. Allen, Joseph Booker, Dan M. Watson, T. L. Wilson ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We report the dramatic mid-infrared brightening between 2004 and 2006 of HOPS 383, a deeply embedded protostar adjacent to NGC 1977 in Orion. By 2008, the source became a factor of 35 brighter at 24 microns with a brightness increase also apparent at 4.5 microns. The outburst is also detected in the submillimeter by comparing APEX/SABOCA to SCUBA data, and a scattered-light nebula appeared in NEWFIRM K_s imaging. The post-outburst spectral energy distribution indicates a Class 0 source with a dense envelope and a luminosity between 6 and 14 L_sun. Post-outburst time-series mid- and far-infrared photometry shows no long-term fading and variability at the 18% level between 2009 and 2012. HOPS 383 is the first outbursting Class 0 object discovered, pointing to the importance of episodic accretion at early stages in the star formation process. Its dramatic rise and lack of fading over a six-year period hint that it may be similar to FU Ori outbursts, although the luminosity appears to be significantly smaller than the canonical luminosities of such objects. ; Comment: Accepted by ApJ Letters, 6 pages, 4 figures; v2 has an updated email address for the lead author