A pdf of the chapter is available by email from jmheyman@utep.edu . This review chapter looks at different kinds of organizations of and for immigrants that represent in some ways alternatives to the dominant power order. It looks at different kinds of values, activities, compositions, funding, and organization, including a summary table of kinds of immigrant organizations. It argues that such immigrant organizations cannot be purely alternative to all kinds of power, and it looks at a case study of organizations addressing immigrant arrest and detention in France to see how the increasing legal regulation of these processes are both the objects of struggle by but also increasingly involve alternative organizations of human rights, legal defense, and detention conditions. But the chapter also argues that the core of alternative immigrant organizations is a set of values that contrast with both xenophobic nationalism and capitalist internationalism (cosmopolitanism from above). It proposes a vision of emerging cosmopolitanism from below. It then looks at how a struggle between these two kinds of cosmopolitanism is emerging with the returning trend toward managed migration of laborers with reduced rights; it sees cosmopolitanism from above as pushing this agenda, and cosmopolitanism from below as struggling for widened rights and recognition in such flows.