Malignant melanoma occurs as a familial cancer in 5%-10% of cases where it segregates in a manner consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Evidence from cytogenetics, fine-mapping studies of deletions in melanomas, and recent linkage studies supports the location of a human melanoma predisposition gene on the short arm of chromosome 9. We have carried out linkage analysis using the 9p markers IFNA and D9S126 in 26 Australian melanoma kindreds. Multipoint analysis gave a peak lod score of 4.43, 15 cM centromeric to D9S126, although a lod score of 4.13 was also found 15 cM telomeric of IFNA. These data confirm the existence of a melanoma susceptibility gene on 9p and indicate that this locus most probably lies outside of the IFNA-D9S126 interval. No significant heterogeneity was found between families, when either pairwise or multipoint data were analyzed using HOMOG.