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Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics

DOI: 10.1115/gt2014-25688

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Two-Dimensional Modeling of Shaft Precessional Motions Induced by Blade/Casing Unilateral Contact in Aircraft Engines

Proceedings article published in 2014 by Nicolas Salvat, Alain Batailly, Mathias Legrand
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

In the present work, the focus is made on the occurrence of precessional motions of the shaft — whirling motions — in bladed-disk assemblies, initiated by direct blade/casing contacts in one stage of an aircraft engine. These contact events are favored by increasingly reduced blade-tip clearances and are expected to occur during standard operating conditions. However, it has been shown that potentially harmful interactions may arise and threaten the engine structural integrity. A 2D in-plane model of an aircraft engine fan stage is built with a set of curved beams for the casing and an assembly straight beams for the bladed-disk. The flexibility of the shaft is reflected by two linear springs attached to the center node of the disk. Contact is initiated through a prescribed casing distortion and the two structures are then left free to interact. Equations of motion are solved via explicit time-marching and contact forces are computed with Lagrange multipliers method allowing to fully satisfy non-penetration conditions. Friction is accounted for through a Coulomb law and permanent sliding is assumed. Three types of regimes are identified, namely: (1) damped, (2) sustained, (3) divergent, and both forward and backward shaft precessional motions are witnessed. It is shown that the vibratory response of the bladed-disk mainly lies on the first nodal diameter of the first family of modes regardless of the rotational velocity or the type of regime detected. The risk of failure arising from these contact events is highlighted, in particular in the presence of forward whirl, and the need for accurate predictive tools in early design phases of the engine is emphasized.