Published in

American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Letters, 13(42), p. 5197-5205, 2015

DOI: 10.1002/2015gl064278

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Earthquake magnitude calculation without saturation from the scaling of peak ground displacement

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

GPS instruments are non-inertial and directly measure displacements with respect to a global reference frame, while inertial sensors are affected by systematic offsets - primarily tilting - that adversely impact integration to displacement. We study the magnitude scaling properties of peak ground displacement (PGD) from high-rate GPS networks at near-source to regional distances (~10-1000 km), from earthquakes between Mw 6 and 9. We conclude that real-time GPS seismic waveforms can be used to rapidly determine magnitude, typically within the first minute of rupture initiation and in many cases before the rupture is complete. While slower than earthquake early warning methods that rely on the first few seconds of P-wave arrival, our approach does not suffer from the saturation effects experienced with seismic sensors at large magnitudes. Rapid magnitude estimation is useful for generating rapid earthquake source models, tsunami prediction, and ground motion studies that require accurate information on long-period displacements.