Abstract Compact steep spectrum (CSS) radio sources are active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have radio jets propagating only on galactic scales, defined as having projected linear size (LS) of up to 20 kpc. CSS sources are generally hosted by massive early-type galaxies with little ongoing star formation; however, a small fraction are known to have enhanced star formation. Using archival data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm survey, the Very Large Array Sky Survey, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we identify a volume-limited sample of 166 CSS sources at z < 0.2 with L _{1.4 GHz} > 10²⁴ W Hz⁻¹. Comparing the star formation rates and linear sizes of these CSS sources, we find that the ≈14% of CSS sources with specific star formation rates above 0.01 Gyr⁻¹ all have LS < 10 kpc. We discuss the possible mechanisms driving this result, concluding that it is likely the excess star formation in these sources occurred in multiple bursts and ceased prior to the AGN jet being triggered.