In this study, we tested potential mediators that may explain change in depressive symptoms following exposure to a food-related behavioral activation intervention (F-BA). These included behavioral activation, avoidance and rumination, eating styles, body mass index, and dietary behavior at baseline and 3-month and 12-month follow-up. The trial used a community sample of 1,025 overweight adults with elevated depressive symptoms without current major depression. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four trial arms: either daily nutritional supplements (vs. placebo) alone or in combination with F-BA (vs. no F-BA) over 12 months. Although F-BA did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms (standardized regression coefficient [ b] = −0.223, SE = 0.129; p = .084), significant mediators included emotional eating ( b = −0.028, SE = 0.014; p = .042) and uncontrolled eating ( b = −0.039, SE = 0.016; p = .013), suggesting that learning adaptive responses to emotional and food cues may underlie effects of F-BA on depressive symptoms.