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Oxford University Press, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2(513), p. 2862-2868, 2022

DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac605

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Rings and arcs around evolved stars – III. Physical conditions of the ring-like structures in the planetary nebula IC 4406 revealed by MUSE

Journal article published in 2022 by G. Ramos-Larios ORCID, J. A. Toalá ORCID, J. B. Rodríguez-González ORCID, M. A. Guerrero ORCID, V. M. A. Gómez-González ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the analysis of Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of the planetary nebula (PN) IC 4406. MUSE images in key emission lines are used to unveil the presence of at least five ring-like structures north and south of the main nebula of IC 4406. MUSE spectra are extracted from the rings to unambiguously assess for the first time in a PN their physical conditions, electron density (ne), and temperature (Te). The rings are found to have similar Te as the rim of the main nebula, but smaller ne. Ratios between different ionic species suggest that the rings of IC 4406 have a lower ionization state than the main cavity, in contrast to what was suggested for the rings in NGC 6543, the Cat’s Eye Nebula.