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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Eurosurveillance, 42(28), 2023

DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.42.2300526

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in foxes with PB2-M535I identified as a novel mammalian adaptation, Northern Ireland, July 2023

Journal article published in 2023 by Paula Lagan ORCID, Robyn McKenna, Salam Baleed, Bob Hanna, Jason Barley, Shirley McConnell, Anastasia Georgaki, Tarja Sironen ORCID, Ari Kauppinen ORCID, Tuija Gadd ORCID, Erika Lindh ORCID, Niina Ikonen ORCID, Michael J. McMenamy, Ken Lemon ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We report cases of mammalian infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in Northern Ireland. Two common gulls (Larus canus) and two red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes), were found dead in close vicinity. Comparison of viral whole genome sequences obtained from the animals identified a novel mammalian adaptation, PB2-M535I. Analysis of genetic sequences from other recent mammalian infections shows that this mutation has arisen on at least five occasions in three European countries since April 2023.