Published in

American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science Immunology, 71(7), 2022

DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn5859

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Intratumoral immunotherapy relies on B and T cell collaboration

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

Antitumor T cell responses are the primary mediators of cancer immunotherapy. However, many other components of the immune system are needed for efficient T cell responses to be generated. Here, we developed a combinatorial approach where a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (CpG) and Fc-fused IL-12 protein were injected together into just one of several tumor sites in a mouse. This combination led to body-wide (abscopal) therapeutic responses in multiple cancer models. These systemic responses were dependent not only on T cells but also on B cells. B cells were activated by the treatment and were required for optimal T cell activation. This cross-talk was dependent on MHC and was tumor antigen specific. The addition of an agonistic antibody against OX40 further enhanced T cell activation and therapeutic responses. Our data suggest that the combination of CpG, anti-OX40, and IL-12Fc may have success in patients with cancer and that B and T cell collaboration is crucial for the efficacy of this combination immunotherapy.