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American Astronomical Society, Astrophysical Journal, 1(902), p. 1, 2020

DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb3c9

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NICER Observation of the Temporal and Spectral Evolution of Swift J1818.0−1607: A Missing Link between Magnetars and Rotation-powered Pulsars

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

Abstract We report on the hard X-ray burst and the first ∼100 days of NICER monitoring of the soft X-ray temporal and spectral evolution of the newly discovered magnetar Swift J1818.0−1607. The burst properties are typical of magnetars with a duration of T 90 = 10 ± 4 ms and a temperature of kT = 8.4 ± 0.7 keV. The 2–8 keV pulse shows a broad, single-peak profile with a pulse fraction increasing with time from 30% to 43%. The NICER observations reveal strong timing noise with varying erratically by a factor of 10, with an average long-term spin-down rate of s−2, implying an equatorial surface magnetic field of 2.5 × 1014 G and a young characteristic age of ∼470 yr. We detect a large spin-up glitch at MJD 58928.56 followed by a candidate spin-down glitch at MJD 58934.81, with no accompanying flux enhancements. The persistent soft X-ray spectrum of Swift J1818.0−1607 can be modeled as an absorbed blackbody with a temperature of ∼1 keV. Its flux decayed by ∼60% while the modeled emitting area decreased by ∼30% over the NICER observing campaign. This decrease, coupled with the increase in the pulse fraction, points to a shrinking hot spot on the neutron star surface. Assuming a distance of 6.5 kpc, we measure a peak X-ray luminosity of 1.9 × 1035 erg s−1, lower than its spin-down luminosity of 7.2 × 1035 erg s−1. Its quiescent thermal luminosity is ≲1.7 × 1034 erg s−1, lower than those of canonical young magnetars. We conclude that Swift J1818.0−1607 is an important link between regular magnetars and high-magnetic-field, rotation-powered pulsars.