Agudo, Antonio Bonet, Catalina Travier, Noemie Gonzalez, Carlos A Vineis, Paolo Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Boffetta, Paolo Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Kaaks, Rudolf Lukanova, Annekatrin Schutze, Madlen Boeing, Heiner Tjonneland, Anne Halkjaer, Jytte Overvad, Kim Dahm, Christina C Quiros, J Ramon Sanchez, Maria-Jose Larranaga, Nerea Navarro, Carmen Ardanaz, Eva Khaw, Kay-Tee Wareham, Nicholas J Key, Timothy J Allen, Naomi E Trichopoulou, Antonia Lagiou, Pagona Palli, Domenico Sieri, Sabina Tumino, Rosario Panico, Salvatore Boshuizen, Hendriek Buchner, Frederike L Peeters, Petra H M Borgquist, Signe Almquist, Martin Hallmans, Goran Johansson, Ingegerd Gram, Inger T Lund, Eiliv Weiderpass, Elisabete Romieu, Isabelle Riboli, Elio eng 11692/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom G1000143/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom Department of Health/United Kingdom Medical Research Council/United Kingdom Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/11/22 06:00 J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec 20;30(36):4550-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.41.0183. Epub 2012 Nov 19. ; International audience ; PURPOSE: Our aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk of the tumors classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as causally associated with smoking, referred to as tobacco-related cancers (TRC). METHODS: The study population included 441,211 participants (133,018 men and 308,193 women) from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. We investigated 14,563 participants who developed a TRC during an average follow-up of 11 years. The impact of smoking cigarettes on cancer risk was assessed by the population attributable fraction (AF(p)), calculated using the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI for current and former smokers, plus either the prevalence of smoking among cancer cases or estimates from surveys in representative samples of the population in each country. RESULTS: The proportion of all TRC attributable to cigarette smoking was 34.9% (95% CI, 32.5 to 37.4) using the smoking prevalence among cases and 36.2% (95% CI, 33.7 to 38.6) using the smoking prevalence from the population. The AF(p) were above 80% for cancers of the lung and larynx, between 20% and 50% for most respiratory and digestive cancers and tumors from the lower urinary tract, and below 20% for the remaining TRC. CONCLUSION: Using data on cancer incidence for 2008 and our AF(p) estimates, about 270,000 new cancer diagnoses per year can be considered attributable to cigarette smoking in the eight European countries with available data for both men and women (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Denmark).